何兆吉：杨一清的安边策及其历史价值 …… 长城小站:《中国长城文献资料数据库》

《杨一清的安边策及其历史价值》
　　　　　On Yang Yiqing's Policy to Pacificate Frontier and Its Historical Value
作　　者：何兆吉
　　　　　He Zhaoji 1954年生,南京理工大学文学院教授.地址:南京市孝陵卫200号,邮编 210094
出　　处：中国边疆史地研究 2006年02期
发表时间：2006-02-01
文　　摘：

明代中叶著名政治家杨一清于正德初年总制陕西三边时上奏皇帝的奏章,史称其为“安边策”.这份安边策既凝聚了当时戍边将士的心血与智慧,又体现了杨一清忠心谋国的民族精神,是难得的国防文献.本文讨论了安边策产生的时代背景,分析了它的主要内容及其落实措施,特别是对它的历史文化价值做了充分肯定,着重指出其对后世的警示作用.

参考链接：
　　· http://scholar.ilib.cn/Abstract.aspx?A=zgbjsdyj200602006
关键词：杨一清安边策历史价值
正　　文：

抱歉，本文正文部分尚未录入！

参考文献：

[1][2]参见胡凡:《论明代蒙古族进入河套与明代北部边防》,《西南师范大学学报》2002年第3期.
[1]《明史》卷327《外国八》.
[2]《明宪宗实录》,成化八年十一月己酉,“中央研究院”历史研究所1961年影印本.
[3]转引自曹永年:《蒙古民族通史》,内蒙古大学出版社2002年版,第172页.
[4]胡汝砺:《嘉靖宁夏新志》卷1《宁夏总镇》,宁夏人民出版社1982年版,第80页.
[5]《明史》卷177《年富传》.
[6]梁材:《议支灵州盐课挑挖延宁边堑疏》,《明经世文编》卷104,中华书局1962年版,第949页.
[7]杨一清:《为乞恩认罪辞免重任事》,《杨一清集》卷7,中华书局2001年版,第221页.
[8]杨一清:《为经理要害边防保固疆场事》,《杨一清集》卷7,第243页.按:凡文中加引号未注出处者,均引自“安边策”
[1]翁万达:《修筑边墙疏》,《明经世文编》卷224,第2356页.
[1]胡汝砺:《嘉靖宁夏新志》卷1《宁夏总镇》,第82页.
[2]杨一清:《为乞恩停免进贡红花以恤边兵事》,《杨一清集》卷8,第271页.
[3]杨一清:《为分布边兵预防虏患事》,《杨一清集》卷8,第283页.
[1]《杨一清集》卷9,第313页.
[2]胡汝砺:《嘉靖宁夏新志》卷3,第239页.
[3]胡汝砺:《嘉靖宁夏新志》卷3,第253页.
[1]《明史》卷198《杨一清传》.
[2]参见《杨一清集》卷7,第334页.
[3]参见姚有志、毛振发:《古长城的国防价值再评估》,《军事历史研究》2002年第3期.
[1]《承德府志》卷首1.
[2]逮钦立辑校:《匈奴歌》,《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗》卷3《汉诗》,中华书局1983年版,第124页.
[3][4][5]《明史》卷222《王崇古传》.
[6]魏源:《武事余记》,《圣武记》卷12,中华书局1984年版,第126页.

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�ϕ׼�Үһȥ�İ脖߲߼ -- [未验证] Derick (2025-07-24 18:23:14)

Anadrol is androgenic but also estrogenic, stopping this
ratio from turning into imbalanced. Nevertheless, individuals who genetically respond
well to Anadrol can experience increased well-being as a outcome of large increase in testosterone.
This is because of increased sebum manufacturing,
which is secreted by the sebaceous glands. The position of sebum is to moisturize the pores
and skin; however, too much of it could block the pores,
leading to zits breakouts. Our patients don't expertise noticeable bloating or fluid retention on Anadrol if their food plan is clean and they're already lean. Nosebleeds
and headaches can occur whereas on Anadrol, which
could be a signal of elevated blood strain. If this occurs, get a checkup,
and if your blood strain is excessive, cycle off instantly.

We discover bodybuilders usually report extreme bloating on Anadrol when eating unhealthy meals within the low season. An effective dose for women looking to
construct muscle is 12.5–25 mg per day for 4–6 weeks.
For instance, we see some bodybuilders take Anadrol, trenbolone, and testosterone
together for a number of months and hold thick-looking
hair. Others can take a mild steroid similar to Deca and expertise vital
hairline recession after just a few cycles. We see that pure testosterone levels typically recover within 1-4
months after coming off Anadrol (and different steroids).
Nonetheless, this is only a common rule that applies to those who do not abuse steroids.
Anadrol will also raise blood stress because of it considerably rising red blood cell rely.

However, if a person predominantly desires to burn fat on Anavar,
then a small calorie deficit could be implemented to
speed up fats loss while aiding muscle retention. Cardiovascular train, or HIIT (high-intensity interval training), can also be utilized to accelerate a
user’s metabolism whereas providing cardiac benefits.

Calorie intake ought to be tailored to a user’s aims when biking
Anavar. Due To This Fact, if Anavar is taken with the intention of bulking and gaining lean mass,
then a small calorie surplus could additionally be adopted to enhance muscle and energy outcomes.

Consequently, a person’s pure testosterone manufacturing will take longer to recuperate when lastly coming off Anavar.
When girls take Anavar at 10 mg per day, we frequently see them expertise muscle positive aspects inside the first
10 days. A lady taking 10 mg of Anavar per day has a extra highly effective effect than a person taking 20 mg of Anavar
per day. This is due to males producing roughly 20x
more testosterone in comparison with girls (30). Therefore,
taking Anavar can improve the chance of arteriosclerosis and can almost
definitely increase blood stress in all customers.

Nonetheless, Anavar is unique in this respect, being
mostly metabolized by the kidneys. This can put them under increased pressure, leading to acute renal injury
in research (18). The second group, which took the next dose of 40 mg, experienced a 33% lower in HDL whereas
elevating LDL ranges by roughly 30%.
This approach helps bridge the gap between expectation and actuality, guaranteeing you are fully
knowledgeable about your buy. Ciba stopped making it years
ago, because it had fallen out of medical use, however it's still being made, not least for weightlifters and bodybuilders.
In 2019, the British heavyweight boxer Dillian Whyte
was reported as having examined constructive for
dianabol before and after 6 weeks, however was
cleared by his B pattern. The testers are stated to have
discovered small amounts of two metabolites of Dianabol
within the samples obtained from Whyte, often identified as 17-epi-methandienone and 6β-hydroxy-17-epi-methandienone.
Further tests didn't find them, so it was believed that the primary
pattern had been contaminated. In abstract, D-Bal is a safer,
legal, and more effective alternative to Dianabol. It is made from pure elements, is
free from dangerous chemical substances and components,
and does not require injections.
It’s all about moderation and understanding how these substances work together, to make an knowledgeable choice that amplifies outcomes while ensuring security and well
being. Another potential draw back of Anavar usage is the chance of hormonal imbalances.
Utilizing anabolic steroids can influence the body’s pure hormone manufacturing, and Anavar is no exception. Males, specifically, can expertise reduced testosterone
production with extended Anavar use.
Examine out this unimaginable testosterone cypionate earlier than and after to see the transformation. Clenbutrol (yes, a small difference) goes to be the subsequent neatest thing for you to attain for if you’re seeking to lose
some extra weight. Well, if you’re looking to get some of the advantages with not certainly one of the drawbacks, maybe
ANVAROL could be the factor for you. Unlike Anadrol,
this isn't unlawful and won't influence your liver or hunger.
DECA-MAX was designed to offer you a number of the advantages of
Deca, with far fewer drawbacks – hell yes! As with
all the opposite CrazyBulk merchandise, we’re going to see various components present that
can help you out.
If 2.5 mg tablets are obtained, this reduces the necessity to cut any of the drugs.
Individuals who purchase underground lab
Anavar via the black market may declare that doses of 15–25 mg per day
are modest. This is due to copious scams where the label states 40 mg of Anavar, however actually,
it is just 20 mg. This is a common situation where the vendor
has reduce the dose in half. Thus, the above dosage suggestions are primarily based on taking genuine Anavar.
Users’ genetic makeup will determine the extent of hair loss they'll expertise.

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�ϕ׼�Үһȥ�İ脖߲߼ -- [未验证] Traci (2025-07-24 17:51:32)

Sometimes, nonetheless, Var and Test shall be
used for cutting and recomping, i.e., getting lean and ‘beach ready’.

When it comes to security, Anavar is mostly thought of to
be safer than Winstrol. However, both steroids can have unwanted side effects, and it’s necessary to make use
of them responsibly. All The Time monitor your liver
operate and levels of cholesterol while utilizing steroids, and be conscious of the potential for androgenic
side effects. If you’re considering utilizing both of these steroids,
discuss to your doctor or a certified healthcare professional first.
On the other hand, Winstrol or Stanozolol, operates in an identical way but with a more pronounced effect.

For these new to Anavar, a conservative dosage of 20-30mg per day is
often beneficial. Like Anavar and Deca, Anavar and
Dianabol is also a bit of an odd mixture and one that only a few folks really
use. CrazyBulk can be offering a buy-two-get-one-free deal on all of its merchandise in the
intervening time, so it’s a good time to start your bulking
or cutting cycle. As you might know, ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) is the energy source on your muscle tissue.
Anvarol increases your ATP ranges, supplying you with extra vitality and making your workouts more practical.

One factor you should know in regards to the side effects of Anavar steroids
is that they're more common in girls than males.
This helps my physique readjust and prevents potential unwanted side effects from the abrupt cessation of the steroids.
For beginners, figuring out the suitable Anavar dosage is crucial
to maximise benefits whereas minimizing potential
opposed results. Preliminary dosing sometimes ranges
from 5 to 10 mg per day, permitting the consumer to gauge tolerance ranges and
monitor any rising unwanted effects. As the person's adaptation to the compound progresses, dosage adjustments could also
be necessary primarily based on physiological response and specific health targets.

In this section, we’ll focus on the optimum dosage
for Winstrol and Anavar cycles from my experience.
It’s essential to keep in thoughts that individual responses to these substances could range,
and it’s all the time finest to consult with a healthcare professional
before starting a cycle. Designing an efficient Winstrol cycle requires careful consideration of dosage, duration, and stacking options.
A balanced method, guided by individual objectives and expertise degree, is paramount.

The key to minimizing side effects is knowing what to anticipate,
tips on how to assist your body, and when to cease.
Winstrol is a DHT-derived steroid, which means it’s a modified form of dihydrotestosterone.
This gives it sturdy anti-catabolic properties, but in addition will increase the danger of androgenic unwanted aspect effects like joint dryness, aggression, and hair loss.
Anavar is a flexible compound that can be utilized for all functions (even bulking!), however it's
best suited to chopping, recomping, and increasing power. If utilizing Var with other orals, at all times reduce doses of every, and, regardless of which compounds you use, all the
time start with low doses and acquire as much as you presumably can from these.
Bear In Mind, food regimen and coaching are the vital thing; anabolic merely add the polish and let you make positive aspects faster.
Even although it’s definitely feasible to mix two oral anabolic
steroids, pairing any oral steroid with Superdrol is, fairly merely, not a
good suggestion.
A high-protein food plan, wealthy in lean meats and plant-based proteins, helps muscle synthesis.
Adequate caloric consumption, adjusted to individual metabolic rates, guarantees vitality availability for
rigorous coaching periods. Winstrol shines in the highlight when the aim is to shed surplus fats and
protect lean muscle, making it an alluring alternative during cutting phases.
In The Meantime, Anavar dominates when the focus is on endurance and efficiency,
appealing particularly to individuals the place a rise in body mass isn't a precedence.
This combo is designed that will help you shred fats while
preserving lean muscle mass with none unwanted facet effects and the need for any injectable steroids.
Remember that it’s essential to have a proper post-cycle therapy (PCT) plan in place to help your body recuperate from
the steroid cycle.
If you've used steroids earlier than, you can start on the larger end of the dosage vary.

What should you might get the performance enhancing, muscle
constructing effects of a steroid without taking steroids?

Winstrol additionally has a major influence on increasing collagen synthesis, which can enhance joint well being and pores
and skin elasticity. Nevertheless, regardless of this, it
can paradoxically lead to joint discomfort due to the drying effect it has on the body.
This is an instance of the balance that have to be struck when utilizing substances like Winstrol and highlights the importance of careful dosage and cycle planning.
Both steroids are efficient, however they've completely different potencies and
facet effect profiles.
From liver toxicity to suppressed testosterone and painful joints,
working Winstrol requires data, discipline, and a post-cycle restoration plan. How much of each compound you employ will depend in your cycle objectives, measurement, and steroid/PED experience.
For example, newbies seeking to lean bulk might comfortably use 300mg
testosterone per week for 12 weeks, with Var used for the first four
and final 4 weeks at 20mg per day. Yes, you possibly can, however taking Testosterone (even if
it’s just TRT dosage circa 150mg per week) is always advisable.
Another possibility, for experienced bodybuilders only (!),
is to add clen to this cycle, resulting in an Anavar Winstrol
Clenbuterol cycle. Even for experienced users we refer to our
article on how to decide the proper Anavar dosage.

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�ϕ׼�Үһȥ�İ脖߲߼ -- [未验证] Charline (2025-07-24 05:07:24)

Winstrol is a strong steroid that helps to
promote weight loss by growing metabolism and decreasing water retention. Although Oxandrolone
and Stanzolol are sometimes thought of to be similar compounds, i.e., ‘cutting’ steroids that are great for recomping and increasing
power, they do actually work properly collectively. Because Anavar helps to burn fats and Winstrol is extra anabolic, so not
solely are you able to lose more body fat, you’ll additionally potentially
build extra muscle than when you used both alone.
If you’re caught utilizing Winstrol and Anavar’s cycle, you could face serious consequences if the authorities discover out.
The above are just a few side effects Winstrol and Anavar cycle may cause.
Nonetheless, Winstrol does have some unwanted side effects, which is
why many athletes prefer Winstrol over Anavar.
Winstrol and Anavar are each recognized for enhancing
vascularity, which can make your muscle tissue look extra prominent and defined.
Females are way more susceptible to androgenic sides compared to males,
especially with Winstrol.
You can reduce your threat of fluid retention by not abruptly taking high doses of HGH; as
an alternative, your tolerance to HGH needs to be built
up as part of your dosage schedule. It’s essential to
remember that pain within the joints while utilizing HGH within the
early levels isn’t an indication that the joints
are damaged but is a facet effect of the repair and growth process that HGH is stimulating.

Joint pain from HGH use is normally a short-term
facet impact in the earliest levels of utilizing it and, generally, will disappear rapidly
as the growth and calcification process completes. When a excessive dosage
of HGH is all of a sudden taken, joint pain can be extra extreme.

Testosterone is an injectable steroid; thus, it is not
an ideal cycle for these desirous to avoid needles.
The following cycles (except the first) are not suitable for novices due to Winstrol demonstrating high toxicity in analysis (1).
Nevertheless, they have been thought of banned in most nations as a
outcome of their excessive danger of abuse and side effects.

Solely intermediate or advanced users sometimes take the above stack as a result of Winstrol’s potential harsh
effects. We have noticed this duo produce notable fat loss and reasonable will increase in lean muscle mass, ranging from 10 to
twenty pounds. Anavar, also known as Oxandrolone, is another oral steroid derived from DHT.

This might embody tracking modifications in body composition, power, endurance,
and total well-being. Additionally, I regulate my training regimen and diet as
needed to make sure I get probably the most out of my cycle.
Be cautious to not exceed the recommended dosages, as this may improve the danger
of unwanted facet effects. In this section, we’ll discuss the optimum dosage for
Winstrol and Anavar cycles from my experience. It’s important to remember that particular
person responses to those substances might differ, and it’s at all times finest to consult with a healthcare skilled before beginning a cycle.

However, due to its potent fat-burning results, bodybuilders commonly supplement with it as a
chopping agent, stacking it with Anavar. Due to its mass-building capabilities, testosterone is mostly thought to be
a bulking steroid. Testosterone may be the most optimal low season compound due to important anabolic results, with out high levels of cardiotoxicity.

Without a proper nutrition and train plan, no complement stack
will provide the specified end result. Moreover, it’s important to constantly use liver support supplements
corresponding to fish oil (4g/day) and TUDCA (500mg/day).
As part of my cycle, I benefit from increased energy
levels, making it easier to power by way of difficult exercises.
In the upcoming sections, I will focus on how to effectively structure a Winstrol and Anavar cycle, bearing in mind different factors corresponding to gender,
expertise degree, and individual goals. This helps support communication growth
because the baby has joint attention and makes use of an isolated finger
point to pop it. Anavar has a comparatively low
risk of causing virilization in girls when taken in therapeutic dosages.

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